“Vitamin B12 (cyanocobalamin)?”Here!Vitamin B12
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As a supplement
Talk to your doctor or pharmacist.
Roll Call does not check drug interactions or assess personal safety.
A synthetic, stable form of vitamin B12, an essential nutrient the body needs for nerve function and red blood cell formation. Cyanocobalamin is converted to the body's active B12 forms after absorption.
Why it’s used
Taken to meet daily B12 needs or correct a diagnosed deficiency, which can occur with age, certain digestive conditions, or a vegan diet lacking animal-source foods.
What the evidence is for
correcting vitamin B12 deficiency.
What the evidence says
The NIH Office of Dietary Supplements confirms vitamin B12 supplementation, including cyanocobalamin, effectively raises B12 levels and reverses deficiency-related symptoms such as fatigue and nerve problems. Evidence for benefits beyond correcting a deficiency, such as boosting energy in people who are not deficient, is not established.
Dose studied
2.4–1000 mcg — adult RDA up through doses used to treat diagnosed deficiency, per NIH ODS.
Context
The adult RDA and studied deficiency-treatment doses are both expressed in micrograms; clinical treatment of diagnosed deficiency has used doses well above the RDA under medical supervision, though the RDA itself covers ordinary dietary sufficiency.
Rumors
Correcting vitamin B12 deficiency, which causes megaloblastic anemia, fatigue, a sore tongue, and numbness and tingling in the hands and feet that can become permanent if it is left untreated.
Supports — suggestivehealth and safety evidence
Studied in: people with vitamin B12 deficiency.
Measured as a biomarker.
- Vitamin B12 Fact Sheet for Health Professionals (Regulatory) · Funding not checked
How much is a reference amount
- 2.4 mcg a dayfor adults 19 and over · Recommended Dietary Allowance
No upper limit has been set — the data was not sufficient to set one, which is a gap in the research rather than a finding about safety.
No UL, on grounds of low toxicity potential. The legacy corpus stored three different B12 ceilings across three rows, one of which (1000 mcg) exists nowhere in the DRI.
Every applicable line is shown because we don’t know which one is yours, and a reference intake is a target for a population, not a threshold for harm.